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Introduction: Lung cancer symptoms and secondary effects of cancer treatments impact quality of life and induce patients to excessive rest and lack of physical activity resulting in severe deconditioning. Exercise has been shown to increase performance status, strength, endurance and reduce emotional issues in lung cancer patients. Despite these benefit this approach is a poorly utilized strategy and several barriers must be overcome due to limited data, lack of awareness of the benefits of exercise, and limited patient motivation. Several programs of adapted physical activity are developing to support lung cancer patients during oncological treatments, adopting a personalized approaches. Rowing programs have been reported in cancer survivors to reduce risk factors and the impact of treatments complications, particularly lymphedema in breast cancer survivors. A pioneering program of adapted physical activity was developed by a multidisciplinary team in collaboration with an association for the support of cancer patients (Sicilian Association for Oncological Support), using rowing in patients with active metastatic cancer, to evaluate feasibility, response of patients, and to increase awareness of the benefits of physical activity in the fight against lung cancer. Methods: The program was launched in December 2019 from the idea of a young world rowing champion, but the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic led to the postponement of this project, which was subsequently developed from March 2021 to July 2021. The team was composed by oncologists, sports medicine specialists, two coaches specialised in adapted physical activity programs and a cardiologist. The voluntary logistic assistance was warranted by the rowing society “Canottieri Peloro”, which effectively allowed the project to be carried out, providing patients with equipment, a specialised team doctor and a well-equipped gym. In this preliminary experience we managed to include a small number of patients to assess the feasibility/validity of this approach and improve patients’ needs and satisfaction. Results: Four patients affected by metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutations joined the project (1 M/3 F;median age was 59.5, range 47-68;ECOG PS: 1). All patients presented well-controlled and mild symptoms related to the disease (cough, dyspnea, bone or chest pain) and were receiving active oncological treatments (first line EGFR-TKI: 2 patients;second line EGFR-TKI and maintenance chemotherapy). After a baseline clinical, oncological and cardiological evaluation personalized training program was developed. Briefly, indoor training and individual rowing sessions have been administered to patients. All patients reported full adherence to the training, developing a growing motivation and interest in improving physical performance. We did not recorded any worsening of symptoms or problems related to cancer treatments. The full contact with water and nature and the peculiar backwards motion of rowing had a positive impact on patients, that enjoyed the experience, reducing their anxiety for the future. Conclusions: This preliminary experience, previous developed as a support activity for lung cancer patients, might pave the way for further exploration of the role of rowing in this setting and promote a pivotal project to better define specific programs for metastatic cancer patients to improve compliance and response to cancer treatments. Keywords: Lung cancer, Adapted physical activity, Rowing
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Background: Vaccination against COVID19 is the most important prevention tool against the current pandemic. However, since the approval of anti-COVID19 mRNA vaccines by EMA, safety and tolerability in patients with rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases has always been a much-discussed topic, given their novel, unprecedented mechanism of action and the concern for potential disease fares. Objectives: To assess the safety and type of adverse events after two doses of BNT162b2 anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in patients affected by rheumatologic diseases. Methods: 241 patients who received two doses of BNT162b2 were invited to take part to a follow-up live visit 2 months after completion of the primary vaccination cycle. Data regarding age, sex, diagnosis, treatment and adverse events after vaccination were collected for each patient during the visit. Pearson chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to compare the distribution of each type of adverse event between male and female and among Rheumatoid Arthritis, Spondyloarthritis and Connective Tissue Disease patients. Results: Mean age of recruited patients was 57 years (IQR 49-65) and F:M ratio was 2.49:1 (172 F/69 M). Number and percentage of individuals for each disease category were represented as follows: Rheumatoid Arthritis 87 (36,10%), Spondyloarthritides 72 (29,88%), Connective Tissue Diseases 65 (26,97%), Autoinfammatory Diseases 4 (1,66%), Vasculitides 13 (5,39%). 42 subjects (17,42%) reported no adverse events, whereas local reactions such as pain and swelling at injection site were the most commonly reported side effect, (154 subjects, 63,9%, Table 1). Constitutional symptoms, comprising fatigue, muscle and joint pain, fever, chills and headache, were described in 54,77% of the interviews (132 subjects, Table 1). No patient experienced severe allergic reactions after vaccination. Statistical comparison among disease categories showed no differences in the distribution of adverse events. When analysing for sex, joint pain appeared to be reported signifcantly more frequently in male patients (p=0.002), while chills were more present in female patients (p=0.033). None of the interviewed subjects reported any sign or symptom relatable to disease fares. Conclusion: Vaccination with two doses of BNT162b2 was safe and generally well tolerated. No reports of signs or symptoms of disease reactivation were found in our cohort.
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Background: To date, globally considered, the literature suggests that AIRD may be at higher risk of infection and death due to COVID19 compared to the general population. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 reduces the risk of hospitalization and mortality. However, immunological alteration associated with Autoimmune Infam-matory Rheumatic Diseases (AIRD) and immunosuppressive medications may impair the response to vaccination. Emerging data suggest that immunosuppres-sive treatment may negatively impact the response to anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the AIRD population;data are robust for some treatments, more controversial for others. Identifying patients at higher risk of lack of protection is essential for shielding them and for adapting therapeutic protocol and vaccination timing. Objectives: In the light of the current COVID19 epidemic and the availability of effective vaccines, this study aims to identify predictors of non-response to anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients affected by AIRD. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted evaluating the serological response and the persistence of antibodies at eight weeks in IRD patient cohort and non-IRD control. IRD and age and sex-matched controls volunteer among the health professionals (CTRL) who underwent vaccination with two doses of BNT162b2 were recruited for this study. Anti-Trimeric Spike protein antibodies were assayed eight ± one week after the second vaccine dose. Uni-variate and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of non-response and low antibody titers. Results: Samples were obtained from 237 IRD patients (m/f 73/164, mean age 5 7, CI 95% [56-59]): 4 autoinfammatory diseases (AI), 62 connective tissue diseases (CTD), 86 rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 71 spondylarthritis (SpA) and 14 vasculitis (Vsc). 232 CTRL were recruited (m/f 71/161, mean age 5 7, CI 95% [56-58]). Globally, IRD had a lower seroconversion rate (88.6% vs 99.6%, CI 95% OR [1.61-5.73], p<0.0001) and lower antibody titer compared to controls (median (IQR) 403 (131.5-1012) vs 1160 (702.5-1675), p<0.0001). After logistic regression, age, corticosteroid (CCS), Abatacept (ABA), and Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) use were predictors of non-response. The antibody titers eight weeks after the second dose of vaccine were lower in AIRD compared to controls, median (IQR) 403 (131.5-1012) vs 1160 (702.5-1675), p<0.0001 with no difference between sexes and age groups. CTD, RA and SpA had lower antibodies levels. However, the logistic regression model identifed treatment with MMF, ABA, CCS, Methotrexate (MTX), Rituximab (RTX), Janus Kinase inhibitors (JAKi) and TNF inhibitors (TNFi) as independent predictors of serum titer. ABA, RTX, MMF, and MTX had the strongest effect size. Conclusion: The response to anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is often impaired in AIRD patients under treatment and may pose them at higher risk of severe COVID-19. Although this work focused on serological response, most of the treatment the impaired vaccine response are known to act on T cells, possibly also influencing the cellular response. Evidence-based protocols are required to time vaccination and treatment to improve immunization of AIRD patients.
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The challenges presented by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to the National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom (UK) led to a rapid adaptation of infection disease protocols in-hospital. In this paper we report on the optimisation of our wearable ambulatory monitoring system (AMS) to monitor COVID-19 patients on isolation wards. A wearable chest patch (VitalPatch®, VitalConnect, United States of America, USA) and finger-worn pulse oximeter (WristOx2® 3150, Nonin, USA) were used to estimate and transmit continuous Heart Rate (HR), Respiratory Rate (RR), and peripheral blood Oxygen Saturation (SpO2) data from ambulatory patients on these isolation wards to nurse bays remote from these patients, with a view to minimising the risk of infection for nursing staff. Our virtual High-Dependency Unit (vHDU) system used a secure web-based architecture and protocols (HTTPS and encrypted WebSockets) to transmit the vital-sign data in real time from wireless Android tablet devices, operating as patient data collection devices by the bedside in the isolation rooms, into the clinician dashboard interface available remotely via any modern web-browser. Fault-tolerant software strategies were used to reconnect the wearables automatically, avoiding the need for nurses to enter the isolation ward to re-set the patient monitoring equipment. The remote dashboard also displayed the vital-sign observations recorded by the nurses, using a separate electronic observation system, allowing them to review both sources of vital-sign data in one integrated chart. System usage was found to follow the trend of the number of local COVID-19 infections during the first wave of the pandemic in the UK (March to June 2020), with almost half of the patients on the isolation ward monitored with wearables during the peak of hospital admissions in the local area. Patients were monitored for a median of 31.5 [8.8, 75.4] hours, representing 88.1 [62.5, 94.5]% of the median time they were registered in the system. This indicates the system was being used in the isolation ward during this period. An updated version of the system has now also been used throughout the second and third waves of the pandemic in the UK.
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COVID-19 created the need to suddenly change the way companies think and work. The OSH Medical Doctor, CEO, HR and HSE suddenly had to collaborate on a daily basis on a single issue: emergency and its management within the company. We are proud Medical Doctor of 18.000 people, about 1300 companies in the north of Italy, followed up for 30 years. Our experience in the emergency field has been impressive and exceptionally profitable, thanks to the multi-competencies of some of our doctors who are certified ergonomists, graduate MBAs and trainers with thirty years of experience. This allowed us to perceive the perspectives of the different stakeholders and therefore to understand how to dialogue together to obtain a single result: the protection of workers’ health. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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Background: The new coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a source of concern for the management of patients suffering from rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) treated with immunomodulatory therapies (1). Objectives: We aimed to analyze the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with RMDs living in Italy. Methods: During the first wave (March-May 2020) and during the second wave (October-December 2020) of COVID-19, we conducted a survey to investigate the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with RMDs followed at the Rheumatology Unit of the University of Campania, Italy. The demographic data, medication use, the frequency of respiratory symptoms and the incidence of COVID-19 confirmed by nasopharyngeal swab were collected with questionnaires administered by phone. The prevalence of COVID-19 of our cohort was compared to that of the general population (2). Results: During the first wave, we collected data from 900 patients with RMDs (Table 1): 320 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 295 patients with spondyloarthropathies (SpA), 283 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 2 patients with vasculitis. 546 (60%) were treated with bDMARD/tsDMARDs. Overall, a total of 11/900 (1%) cases were tested for COVID-19 due to compatible symptoms. 2 (0.2%) adult patients treated with bDMARDs were registered as swab test positive by PCR for COVID-19. 2 patients without confirmed COVID-19 developed pneumonia that required admission to hospital. No deaths occurred among the patients with confirmed COVID-19. During the second wave, data were collected from 470 patients who accepted to take part of the study (Table 1). 49 presented with symptoms that were compatible with COVID-19. 139 patients were tested whereas 30 patients (6%) had a swab confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among them, 16 (53%) were treated with bDMARDs and a patient was treated with tofacitinib. we found no increase in COVID-19 prevalence in patients treated with bDMARD/tsDMARDs (p≥0.05). A patient with SLE developed pneumonia that required admission to hospital and died. Lacking distinct prevalence data between first and second waves, we found no differences in total COVID-19 prevalence between general population living in Campania (215.752/5.802.000;3.7%) and patients with RMDs (32/900;3.5%). However, we had a significant increase in COVID-19 prevalence in our cohort during the second wave compared to the first. Nevertheless, no increase in mortality or hospitalization was recorded, confirming the safety of immunomodulatory therapies in patients with RMDs. Conclusion: In this cohort of patients with RMDs in a geographical region with a high prevalence of COVID-19, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection does not appear different from that observed in the general population.
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Due to the highly variable clinical phenotype of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), deepening the host genetic contribution to severe COVID-19 may further improve our understanding about underlying disease mechanisms. Here, we describe an extended GWAS meta-analysis of 3,260 COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure and 12,483 population controls from Italy, Spain, Norway and Germany, as well as hypothesis-driven targeted analysis of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region and chromosome Y haplotypes. We include detailed stratified analyses based on age, sex and disease severity. In addition to already established risk loci, our data identify and replicate two genome-wide significant loci at 17q21.31 and 19q13.33 associated with severe COVID-19 with respiratory failure. These associations implicate a highly pleiotropic ~0.9-Mb 17q21.31 inversion polymorphism, which affects lung function and immune and blood cell counts, and the NAPSA gene, involved in lung surfactant protein production, in COVID-19 pathogenesis.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Respiratory InsufficiencySubject(s)
COVID-19 Drug Treatment , COVID-19/complications , Pneumonia, Viral/pathology , Pyrazoles/administration & dosage , SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification , Steroids/administration & dosage , Adult , Aged , COVID-19/transmission , COVID-19/virology , Case-Control Studies , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nitriles , Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Pneumonia, Viral/virology , Prognosis , PyrimidinesABSTRACT
Background. Respiratory failure is a key feature of severe Covid-19 and a critical driver of mortality, but for reasons poorly defined affects less than 10% of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Methods. We included 1,980 patients with Covid-19 respiratory failure at seven centers in the Italian and Spanish epicenters of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Europe (Milan, Monza, Madrid, San Sebastian and Barcelona) for a genome-wide association analysis. After quality control and exclusion of population outliers, 835 patients and 1,255 population-derived controls from Italy, and 775 patients and 950 controls from Spain were included in the final analysis. In total we analyzed 8,582,968 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and conducted a meta-analysis of both case-control panels. Results. We detected cross-replicating associations with rs11385942 at chromosome 3p21.31 and rs657152 at 9q34, which were genome-wide significant (P<5x10-8) in the meta-analysis of both study panels, odds ratio [OR], 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48 to 2.11; P=1.14x10-10 and OR 1.32 (95% CI, 1.20 to 1.47; P=4.95x10-8), respectively. Among six genes at 3p21.31, SLC6A20 encodes a known interaction partner with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The association signal at 9q34 was located at the ABO blood group locus and a blood-group-specific analysis showed higher risk for A-positive individuals (OR=1.45, 95% CI, 1.20 to 1.75, P=1.48x10-4) and a protective effect for blood group O (OR=0.65, 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.79, P=1.06x10-5). Conclusions. We herein report the first robust genetic susceptibility loci for the development of respiratory failure in Covid-19. Identified variants may help guide targeted exploration of severe Covid-19 pathophysiology.